This data was used by the Department of Agriculture, Water and Environment to produce Figure 53 in the Biodiversity chapter of the 2021 Australian State of the Environment Report.
Business enterprise expenditure on research and development (BERD), by performing company employment size from 2000 to 2013.
Federal extramural expenditures on science and technology, by science and technology components, performing sector and major departments and agencies for Canada from 2000 to today.
Federal personnel engaged in science and technological activities, by science and technology components and major departments and agencies for Canada from 2000 to today.
Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Seagrasses support multiple key ecosystem functions (e.g., sediment stabilization, carbon storage, nursery habitat) in nearshore environments across all three Canadian coastlines. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is a seagrass species that has been designated as an Ecologically Significant Species (ESS) and is the most widely distributed and abundant seagrass in Canada. Given the considerable conservation and management interest in eelgrass habitats, large-scale data aggregation efforts have been initiated to generate comprehensive distribution maps of eelgrass coverage in Canadian coastal waters. However, extensive portions of the Newfoundland coastline have not yet been surveyed for the presence of eelgrass. We combine spatial data layers describing shoreline characteristics, relative exposure index (REI), depth, and freshwater inputs to delineate areas potentially suitable for eelgrass growth in Newfoundland. We determined that many nearshore environments could potentially support eelgrass habitats but confirming eelgrass presence will require further validation and ground-truthing. Incorporating distribution models that use environmental covariates to estimate probabilities of occurrence in nearshore areas could help to strengthen these predictions. Mapping eelgrass distributions provides baseline data essential to eelgrass monitoring and implementation of coastal marine conservation, informing emergency response, and is particularly important considering the consequences associated with the potential loss of ecosystem functions in the event of eelgrass decline. King, B.G.C., Gullage, L., Butt, K., Warren, M., Allard, K., Gregory, R.S., and Byrne, M.A. 2026. Using shoreline characteristics, relative exposure, depth, and freshwater inputs as surrogate measures to identify areas potentially suitable for eelgrass (Zostera marina) in Newfoundland. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3737: vii + 22 p. https://doi.org/10.60825/7thp-4425
For several years, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) has conducted annual ship-based surveys in the St. Lawrence Estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence to assess environmental conditions and support a range of scientific objectives. Because these surveys do not extend into winter, a complementary regional monitoring program has been implemented annually in early March since 1996. This monitoring program is typically carried out using a Canadian Coast Guard helicopter, although in 2016 and 2017 it was conducted aboard an icebreaker. The winter survey measures physical oceanographic conditions to approximately 200 m depth along with nutrient concentrations in the surface layer. Starting in 2023, the survey was expanded to include phytoplankton measurements. Data from this program are integrated with those from the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP) to produce annual reports including physical (CTD) and biological (bottle) assessments and a Zonal Scientific Advisory for the Gulf of St. Lawrence which can be found on the following webpage under the given year : Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP) - https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/data-donnees/azmp-pmza/index-eng.html Here, raw data on physical oceanographic conditions, nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton collected during the winter survey are presented. This publication contains three data files: ‘donnees_data_heli_CTD’ which contains links per year to the CTD data, ‘donnees_data_heli_bottle_bouteille’, which contains nutrient data, and ‘donnees_data_heli_phyto’ which contains phytoplankton data. The dataset covers the period of 1996 to present and is updated annually as new data becomes available. Note: this publication contains raw data, please use with caution or contact the data management team (gddaiss-dmsaisb@dfo-mpo.gc.ca) if you have any questions. For further methodological information please see the supporting document for citations. For mean winter surface conditions in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence please see the following related publication Winter surface conditions – Helicopter survey - Open Government Portal - https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/9a42d891-fc9c-44b3-8fba-9d9ed96890cf